Method of making connections between metal and nonmetallic members



March 16 1926. 1,576,874

F. A. STEVENS METHOD OF MAKING CONNECTIONS BETWEEN METAL AND NONMETALLIC MEMBERS Filed July 8, 1922 III/111114 'lllllllllll -52 venfonfFeder/b/i'A fieyens.

Afforrzggn- Patented Mar. l6, i926.

FREDERICK A. STEVENS, 01E PROVIDENCE, RHODE ISLAND, ASSIGNDR, BY MESNE ASSIGNMENTS, T0 BAUSCH AND LOMIB YUM, A. CDRPORATIUN OF NEW YQRE.

OPTICAL COMPANY, OF ROCHESTER, NEW

METHOD Olli MAKING CQNNEC'IIQNS BETWEEN METAL AND NONMETALLIC MEMBEItfi.

Application met July a To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, FREDERICK ARTHUR STEVENS, a citizen of the United States, and a resident of Providence, in the county of Providence and State of Rhode Island, have invented a new and useful Improvement in Methods of Making Connections Between Metal and Nonmetallic Members, of which the following is a specification.

The present invention relates to methods of making connections between metal and non-metallic members, and to articles of 'manufacture produced by such methods.

In the manufacture of articles constituted of zylonite, celluloid and similar non-metallic materials, it is frequently found necessary or desirable to join a metal member to the non-metallic member. According to the present invention, the non-metallic member is first provided with a bore of smaller cross dimension than the cross-di-- mension of the metal member, the latter being pronged. The bore is then expanded so that the pron ed member may readily enter the bore. A ter the pronged metal member is inserted into place the bore is restored to its original dimensions, causing the prongs to bite into the non-metallic material. As this last step in the method restores the non-metallic material to its original dimension, a very firm, permanent joint results.

The invention will be explained more fully in connection with the accompanying drawings in which Fig. 1 illustrates a bored non-metallic member and an expanding tool for expanding the bore; Fig. 2 illustrates the expanding step; Fig. 3 is a perspective view of a metal member that it is intended to connect to the non-metallic member; Fig.

4 shows the metal member inserted in the expanded bore; Fig. 5 is a similar view showing the'bore restored to 'its original dimensions; and Figs. 6, 7 and 8 are views of modified metal members.

The non-metallic article is shown at 2 as a tube provided with a bore 4. If the non-metallic article is not originally pro- 1922. Serial No. 573,750.

vided with a bore, it will be necessary to drill, or otherwise provide it with a bore. Any suitable expanding tool 6 is then forced into the bore at, as shown in Fig. 2, to expand the bore. A pronged metal member 8 is then inserted into the expanded bore, as shown in Fig. 4:. The bore is finally restored to its original cross dimension, as shown in Fig. 5, to cause the prongs to bite into the non-metallic material. The cross-dimension of the pronged member 8 must obviously be greater than the normal cross-dimension of the bore l, but less than the cross-dimension of the expanded bore. In the completed article, typified in Fig. 5, as the nonmetallic material has been restored to its original form, its particles are no longer under strain caused by its deformation (Fig. 2) so. that the non-metallic material in the neighborhood of the prongs will not have any tendency to work away from their interengagement with the rongs.

The preferred pronge member 8 is made from a blankdied out of sheet metal, with oppositely positioned prongs 10 disposed symmetrically with respect to a central line 12. The blank is then folded about the central line 12 to cause the symmetrically disposed prongs to become superposed, as in Fig. 3. The pronged member may, however, be cast or otherwise formed as a unit, as shown at 14 (Fig. 6), 15 (Fig. 7), or 16 (Fig. 8). The prongs may be acute-angular, as shown at 17, round, as shown at 18, or right-angled, as shown at 19. All such and other modifications are considered to be within the skill of the mechanic, and to fall within the spirit and scope of the ap-. pended claims.

What is claimed as new is:

A method of making articles of the-class described that comprises providing a nonmetallicmember having a bore, the nonmetallic member being adapted to retain a normal shape, expandin the bore, whereby the member is distorte from the normal shape, then inserting into the expanded bore a metal member having projectwns and of cross dimension greater than the cross dimension of the original bore and less than the cross dimension of the expanded bore, whereby the non-metallic material will not be displaced by the act of inserting the metal member into the bore, and finally restoring the member to its normal shape, whereby the non-metallic material adjacent to the projections is restored to substantially its normal shape.

In testimony whereof, I have hereunto subscribed my name this 6th day of July,

FREDERICK A. STEVENS. 

